Citric acid monohydrate is one of the most important and widely used natural organic acids in the world, holding a special place in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and even chemical industries. This compound is obtained through the fermentation of sugars and molasses by the fungus Aspergillus niger and is essentially the hydrous version of anhydrous citric acid, which has one molecule of water in its structure.
This crystalline form provides excellent stability and high solubility at room temperature, making it ideal for various aqueous formulations. Citric acid is recognized as a safe, natural acidulant, offering mild tartness and multifunctional properties including pH regulation, antioxidant action, and metal chelation.
Applications
Food Industry
Citric acid monohydrate is one of the most important approved food additives, used as a flavoring agent, acidity regulator, and natural antioxidant. In carbonated beverages, fruit juices, confectionery, desserts, and dairy products, it not only provides a pleasant taste and natural tartness but also improves product shelf life and stability. It is also used in the production of jams, compotes, and sauces to prevent discoloration and preserve the freshness of fruit.
Pharmaceutical Industry
In the pharmaceutical industry, citric acid is used as a pH regulator and flavor enhancer in syrups, solutions, and effervescent supplements. It also acts as a chelating agent for heavy metals in the formulation of effervescent tablets and injectable drugs to increase the stability of the active compound.
Cosmetics & Personal Care
Used to control pH in skincare products, shampoos, and cleansing formulations. Improves clarity, safety, and shelf stability of personal care items.
Detergents & Cleaning Products
In the chemical industry, citric acid monohydrate is used as a chelating agent to remove metal ions from solutions and industrial systems. It is also employed in the manufacture of detergents, coatings, and resins, where it helps improve cleaning performance and control deposits. In cooling systems and boilers, this compound is used to remove limescale deposits and enhance operational efficiency.
Chemical Formula: C₆H₈O₇·H₂O
CAS Number: 5949-29-1
Appearance: Transparent white crystals or fine white powder
Packaging: 25 kg laminated bags with moisture barrier liner
Transparent, odorless crystals with a mild acidic taste
Soluble in water, ethanol, and glycerol
Non-volatile and stable under normal storage conditions
Excellent chelating capability for metal ions
pKa values around 3.13, 4.76, and 6.40
Melting point approximately 153°C (dehydrates on heating)
Provides a natural tart flavor and is food‑compatible
Enables precise pH adjustment across a wide range
Rapidly soluble in aqueous environments
Antioxidant properties and prevents browning of fruits
Non‑toxic and fully biodegradable
Compliant with global standards: FCC (Food Chemicals Codex), USP, and E330
Categories: Food Industry
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